Literature Review

Saugus nurse arrested in FBI raid for alleged part in $2.5 million Medicare [hospice] fraud KHTS - Santa Clarita News, Santa Clarita, CA; by Jade Aubuchon; 5/30/25 Jessa Zayas, aka Jessa Contreras, a vocational nurse, is believed to have committed medicare fraud through two different hospice providers, submitting more than $2,500,000 in fraudulent claims to Medicare. Zayas is the Chief Executive Officer of two hospice providers, Healing Hands Hospice Inc. and Humane Love Hospice. From June 2023 through February 2025, she caused Healing Hands and Humane Love to bill Medicare for millions of dollars’ worth of hospice services that were not medically necessary, not authorized by a physician, and were not actually provided to the patients. ...

[Australia] What voluntary assisted dying options are available for those with dementia? ABC News Melbourne, Australia; by Emily JB Smith; 5/24/25 John Griffiths suspects his mind is starting to fail. It is a horrifying prospect for the father-of-three, former Monash University engineering lecturer and CSIRO research scientist. The Melbourne man spends much of his time with his wife Rachel, who lives in residential aged care, reading her poems and short stories. While doctors say he is all clear at the moment, he will be assessed for dementia in the next year. If he does develop the condition, he would rather die than let it take hold. But his options are limited. Although voluntary assisted dying (VAD) will be legal in every Australian jurisdiction except the Northern Territory by the end of this year, it remains entirely off-limits for people with dementia. ...

After multi-year battle, Delaware Medical-Aid-in-Dying bill is law WDEL.com 1150AM and 101.7 FM - Delaware's News Now; by Mark Fowser; 5/20/25, 1:38pm ET  Delaware is now the 12th jurisdiction to allow adults who are terminally ill and want to bring an end to their suffering to request and self-administer medication that would end their lives. Governor Matt Meyer Tuesday signed Delaware's Medical Aid in Dying legislation (House Bill 140) into law, which was passed by the General Assembly earlier this year. The measure also passed last year after a ten-year battle, but was vetoed by then-Governor John Carney. "For those with terminal illness who are seeking out more choices at end of life, the signing of this bill provides those in that circumstance one more option than they had just yesterday," Tim Appleton with The Compassion and Choices Action Network said. The legislation will take effect by January 1st, 2026 - or earlier, pending the implementation of regulations. Under the act, several medical professionals would have to agree that a person's prognosis is terminal with six months or less to live, the adult must be able to make clear decisions, and the person would need to be able to self-administer the medication. Appleton also had a message for people who think this may encourage more people to take their lives: "to assure that not one more person will die as a result of this legislation, but far fewer will suffer."

He was dying, Alabama sent him back to prison anyway AdvanceLocal - AL.com - Alabama Media Group; by Renuka Rayasam; 5/12/25 Brian Rigsby was lying with his right wrist shackled to a hospital bed in Montgomery, Alabama, when he learned he didn’t have long to live. ... Rigsby decided to stop efforts to treat his illness and to decline lifesaving care, a decision he made with his parents. And Rigsby’s mother, Pamela Moser, tried to get her son released to hospice care through Alabama’s medical furlough policy, so that their family could manage his end-of-life care as they saw fit. But there wasn’t enough time for the furlough request to be considered. After learning that Rigsby was on palliative care, the staff at YesCare, a private prison health company that has a $1 billion contract with the Alabama Department of Corrections, told the hospital it would stop paying for his stay and then transferred him back to Staton Correctional Facility in Elmore, according to the hospital record his mom provided to KFF Health News. Moser never saw or spoke to her son again. “The last day I went to see him in the hospital, I was hoping he would take his last breath,” said Moser, a former hospice nurse. “That is how bad I didn’t want him to go to the infirmary” at the prison. A week later, Rigsby died ... in the infirmary, according to his autopsy report. Officials at the corrections department and YesCare did not respond to requests for comment.

It's time to talk about LGBTQ+ elder care Psychology Today - Caregiving; by Stephanie Sarazin, M.P.P.; 5/6/25 A once-hidden story is helping us think about queer kinship and caregiving. Key points:

[France] Deputies approve bill creating Right to Assisted Dying Time.News; 5/3/25 Is the right to die a fundamental human right, or a risky step towards devaluing life? France is grappling with this profound question as a new bill edges closer to legalizing aid in dying. the implications could ripple far beyond French borders, influencing the debate in the United States and around the world. The bill, initially presented by President Emmanuel Macron in March 2024, faced delays due to the dissolution of the National Assembly. Now,revived and championed by Prime Minister François Bayrou,the executive text has been divided into two separate legal proposals. One focuses on enhancing palliative care, while the other addresses aid in dying.

[Netherlands] A care ethical perspective on family caregiver burden and supportNursing Ethics; Maaike Haan, Jelle van Gurp, Marianne Boenink, Gert Olthuis; 3/25Family care-when partners, relatives, or other proxies care for each other in case of illness, disability, or frailty-is increasingly considered an important pillar for the sustainability of care systems. Especially in a palliative care context, however, family care can be challenging. Witnessing caregivers' challenges may prompt compassionate nurses to undertake actions to reduce burden by adjusting tasks or activities. The question is then whether self-sacrifice is a problem that nurses should immediately solve. Therefore, we suggest that caregiver experiences should always be interpreted in an explorative dialogue, focused on what caring means to a particular family caregiver. Nurses do not have to liberate family caregivers from the situation but should support them in whatever overwhelms or drives them in standing-by their loved ones until the end.

Why good palliative care clinicians get fired JAMA Network - Viewpoint; by Abby R. Rosenberg, MD, MS, MA; Elliot Rabinowitz, MD; and Robert M. Arnold; 4/14/25 Even the most seasoned palliative care clinician gets fired. In the past year, one of us was fired after asking whether a patient endorsing suicidal ideation had access to a gun; the patient requested not to see the palliative care team because we asked intrusive questions and documented the encounter. One of us was fired after supporting a family’s decision to discontinue life-sustaining therapies for their loved one with multisystem organ failure; the primary intensivist suggested palliative care overstepped in discussing options for which the family (and clinical teams) was not ready. And one of us was fired after sharing the impression that a patient with cancer was dying; the family suggested they preferred the oncologist’s version of a more hopeful future.

Brain activity before death: Do we see our lives flash? Time.News; interview with Dr. Eleanor Vance; 4/12/25 What flashes through our minds in the final moments of life? Could it be an intense reel of our most cherished memories or a profound sense of calm? Recent studies suggest that the brain may not simply shut down at death; instead, it could be engaged in a powerful replay of life’s most significant moments, offering a glimpse into the mysteries of consciousness and the human experience.

Bioethics Artificial Intelligence Advisory (BAIA): An Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) framework for bioethical clinical decision support Cureus; by Taposh P. Dutta Roy; 3/12/25 Healthcare professionals face complex ethical dilemmas in clinical settings in cases involving end-of-life care, informed consent, and surrogate decision-making. These nuanced situations often lead to moral distress among care providers. This paper introduces the Bioethics Artificial Intelligence Advisory (BAIA) framework, a novel and innovative approach that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to support clinical ethical decision-making. The BAIA framework integrates multiple bioethical approaches, including principlism, casuistry, and narrative ethics, with advanced AI capabilities to provide comprehensive decision support. 

Moral agency in healthcare: What does it mean? Healthcare Business Today; by Editorial Team; 3/27/25 ... Moral agency, as defined by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, is ”having the intent and then acting to pursue, achieve, and maintain optimal beneficial outcomes consistent with the moral/ethical principles of one’s practice.” ... A moral agent is a person who can tell right from wrong and is held accountable for his or her actions. Moral agents have a moral responsibility not to cause unjustified harm, which is especially important in a healthcare setting. ...

Pope Francis was so close to death that doctors considered ending treatment Reuters, Vatican City; by Joshua McElwee; 3/25/25 Pope Francis came so close to death at one point during his 38-day fight in hospital against pneumonia that his doctors considered ending treatment so he could die in peace, the head of the pope's medical team said. After a breathing crisis on February 28 ... "there was a real risk he might not make it," said Sergio Alfieri, a physician at Rome's Gemelli hospital. "We had to choose if we would stop there and let him go, or to go forward and push it with all the drugs and therapies possible, running the highest risk of damaging his other organs," Alfieri told Italy's Corriere della Sera in an interview published on Tuesday [3/25]. "In the end, we took this path," he said. [Continue reading ...]