Literature Review

Global challenges persist in bringing hospice care to incarcerated populationsHospice News; by Holly Vossel; 1/16/25Swelling incarcerated aging populations with unmet end-of-life care needs are straining prison systems worldwide. Recent research has uncovered some of the common strategies to address the issue that are being employed across the globe. More countries have adopted peer caregiving as a way to provide improved support for terminally ill incarcerated individuals, according to researcher Barry Ashpole. Hospice communities have increasingly forged collaborations to provide caregiving training programs in prison systems throughout the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Germany, among others, according to a recent report dubbed as End-of-Life Care in the Prison Environment. The report examined global trends around end-of-life care delivery among incarcerated populations.

Fabric artist's new exhibition in Historic Overtown sheds light on 41 years of wrongful incarcerationThe Miami Times; by Morgan C. Mullings; 12/10/24Whether volunteering in hospice, designing the prison magazine or leading the drama team, Gary Tyler lived an eventful life in prison. After 41 years of living in a cell he didn’t deserve to occupy, he found new life as an artist.  “Grief Not Guilty: Reclaiming My Time” features Tyler’s original quilts, photos of his mother and floral wreaths created by Quantavia Love. The exhibit speaks to the resilience of the human spirit, and the importance of recognizing the names and faces of those yet to be freed. It is on display now at the Black Police Precinct and Courthouse Museum in historic Overtown, a space dedicated to Black police officers of the pre-civil rights era and primed for discussions on the U.S. prison system. ...  After an angry anti-busing mob attacked him and other Black students in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, he was destined to live and die in prison. ... That prison would be one of the most notorious in the U.S. Louisiana State Penitentiary. ... Also known as Angola, Angola Plantation, The Farm, or Alcatraz of the South, Louisiana State Penitentiary is the largest maximum security facility in the country. Tyler refused to do the manual labor required at this prison farm, calling it “slave work.” 

Cancer mortality in Louisiana’s correctional system, 2015-2021JAMA Network Open; Totadri Dhimal, MD; Paula Cupertino, PhD; Zijing Cheng, MS; Erika E. Ramsdale, MD; Bailey K. Hilty Chu, MD; Brian J. Kaplan, MD; Andrea Armstrong, JD, MPA; Xueya Cai, PhD; Yue Li, PhD; Fergal J. Fleming, MD, MPH; Anthony Loria, MD, MSCI; 11/24Nearly 2 million individuals are incarcerated annually in the US, predominantly low-income men from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. The prison population is also aging, with those aged 55 years or older projected to constitute one-third of all incarcerated individuals by 2030. Imprisonment is associated with accelerated physiological aging, and national data show that incarcerated individuals have 22% higher odds of receiving a cancer diagnosis compared with the general population. Our study found that the cancer-specific mortality rate among incarcerated individuals in Louisiana was higher than the national rate but lower than the state’s, with the majority of these deaths occurring among those older than 55 years. Medical compassionate release remains an underutilized option, and the effect of providing a dignified death for families, health care professionals, incarcerated individuals, payers, and policymakers needs further evaluation.

[Nebraska Department of Correctional Services] NDCS launches hospice care volunteer program News 2 North Platte, NE; 11/4/24 A new program is aiming to bring transformative change to end-of-life care in Nebraska correctional facilities. The Nebraska Department of Correctional Services recently launched a hospice care volunteer program to ensure terminally ill patients are not alone in their final moments. The first cohort of 16 volunteers selected from the Reception and Treatment Center completed 10 weekly trainings, delivered by healthcare professionals. The trainings covered various aspects of hospice care, including communication skills with patients and families, confidentiality, end-of-life care and stress management. In the program, volunteers work with NDCS team members and healthcare providers a few hours each day to addresses the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of incarcerated individuals who have a terminal diagnosis. This will allow them to maintain employment within the facility and participate in programming, NDCS said.

Advance Care Planning: Perspectives of People Living in PrisonJournal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing; by Erin Kitt-Lewis, Nanda Zheng, Susan J Loeb; 8/24A person-centered approach to advance care planning is recognized as a fundamental need, yet its routine implementation remains a challenge across disparate settings, such as prisons. The purpose of this study was to gain the perspectives of people who are incarcerated about advance care planning... Findings contribute to identifying best practices for infusing advance care planning into prisons.

Professor shines light on life incarcerated

At Frieze LA, Gary Tyler finds resilience after prison—in each stitch of his poignant quilts ARTnews, by Steven Vargas; 2/29/24 Los Angeles–based artist Gary Tyler has been making quilts for close to 15 years but has yet to exhibit them in his hometown. This week, he will debut several of his intricate and emotionally packed pieces at Frieze Los Angeles, after having been named the winner of the fair’s Impact Prize. His quilts document the 42 years he spent in prison following a wrongful conviction of murder at age 17. His journey to receiving the prize may be unconventional, but for him, it is a reminder of the resilience of an artist.Publisher's note: This article features another quilter from the Angola Prison Hospice Project.

Death and redemption in an American prisonKFF Health News / NPR, by Markian Hawryluk; 2/19/24Publisher's note: This is a "must read" article about Steven Garner, including circumstances about how he was sentenced to life without parole at the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola, his 26-year service in their hospice program, his release two years ago, and his hospice work since.Notable mentions: Warden Burl Cain; Jamey Boudreaux, Louisiana ~ Mississippi Hospice & Palliative Care Organization; Cordt Kassner, Hospice Analytics; Kim Huffington, Sangre de Cristo Community Care.

What It’s Like Watching My Friends Die in PrisonBy Martez JohnsonVeraDecember 7, 2023I work in hospice at a maximum-security prison. The question I get the most is, “How can you do that?” Honestly, it’s not easy. We are literally sitting with death. Hospice is a program that we sign up for, where we sit with another prisoner while he dies. That’s not all we do; there’s far more to it than that. But for now, that’s what I’ll say. When someone who is sick and has signed a “do not resuscitate” order gets to the point of no return, they call us in. I or one of my comrades sit with them while they die. When I started hospice, I didn’t really know what it meant. I understood how to do the job itself, but I didn’t really understand its gravity in full. The toll it takes on you. How mental it is. How much love it takes. How much forgiveness you have to give to the man who’s dying in front of you, even when it’s not yours to give. How much it makes you want forgiveness for your past actions. I go into each room knowing that death is on the other side of that door. By the time I show up, there’s no more hope. Can you imagine being in prison without any hope? I don’t think it’s right for any human to die in prison, but I’ve seen it so many times. I walk with death. I sit with death. ... So, to answer that question I get most: I do this because my friends need me to.[Editor’s Note: an advocate for prison reform, a writer, a hospice volunteer, and a mentor.]