Literature Review

All posts tagged with “Research News | Journal Article.”



Parental goals of care for children with rare diseases: A content analysis of pediatric advance care planning conversations

07/26/25 at 03:20 AM

Parental goals of care for children with rare diseases: A content analysis of pediatric advance care planning conversationsAmerican Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine; Tamiko Younge, MD, MSHS; Hailey Moore, MS; Jessica D. Thompkins, BSN, RN, CPN; Maureen E. Lyon, PhD; 7/25Caregivers and surrogate decision makers for children with rare diseases often make complex medical decisions with limited prognostic information specific to their child’s disease. Our objective was to describe goals of care as explored through advance care planning conversations among the high-risk and high-need community of families with children with rare diseases. We identified 13 goals of care themes: maintaining stability, being happy, moving the body, thriving along their own path, reducing interventions, living a long life, curing disease, avoiding complications, connecting with others, having a village, an understanding world, knowing our child, and partnering with our medical team. Conclusions:Parents of children with rare diseases have a multitude of holistic goals related to their child’s care. High-quality advance care planning conversations may help families articulate these goals.

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Certified Child Life Specialists in hospice and palliative care organizations: A state of the profession

07/26/25 at 03:15 AM

Certified Child Life Specialists in hospice and palliative care organizations: A state of the professionAmerican Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine; by Jennifer Mangers-Deans, Alyssa Friedberg, Kimberly Downing, Lisa C. Lindley; 8/25Certified Child Life Specialists (CCLSs) provide developmentally appropriate psychosocial care to children to promote positive coping. However, little is known about the current professional landscape and opportunities for professional growth, especially in hospice and palliative care. Key insights into the profession, along with challenges and opportunities of working within the hospice and palliative care setting were identified. The findings highlighted the unique need for professional development among CCLSs.

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Benefits of emergency department-initiated goals of care conversations and palliative care consultations among older adults with chronic or serious life-limiting illnesses

07/26/25 at 03:10 AM

Benefits of emergency department-initiated goals of care conversations and palliative care consultations among older adults with chronic or serious life-limiting illnessesJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open; by Jennifer Johnson, Timmy Li, Megan Mandile, Santiago Lopez, Molly McCann-Pineo, Landon Witz, Payal Sud; 8/25Initiating goals of care (GOC) conversations and palliative care consultations in emergency departments (EDs), compared with inpatient settings, may be associated with improved outcomes among older adults with chronic or serious life-limiting illnesses. ED-initiated GOC conversations were associated with approximately 3-day shorter hospitalizations and a $2689 contribution margin increase, suggesting increased health care cost savings. ED-initiated palliative care consultations were associated with approximately 7-day shorter hospitalizations, 6 fewer excess days in acute care, 1 fewer intensive care day, and higher odds of hospice discharge. Starting these discussions earlier in the ED may help hospitals optimize resources while ensuring treatment aligns with patients’ palliative needs and care preferences.

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Systemic strategies to prevent nonbeneficial treatments near the end of life

07/26/25 at 03:05 AM

Systemic strategies to prevent nonbeneficial treatments near the end of lifeJAMA Network Open; by Sofia Weiss Goitiandia, Amy Z. Sun, Amy Rosenwohl-Mack, Catthi Ly, Katherine E. Sleeman, Daniel Dohan, Elizabeth Dzeng; 7/25There exists a default toward high-intensity treatments near the end of life in the United States, including for people living with advanced dementia (PLWD). Clinical momentum, a cascade of increasingly intensive treatments facilitated by systemic factors, contributes to this default. The intensity of treatments provided to PLWD near the end of life is lower in Great Britain. Using Great Britain as a counterexample to the United States, this study examines factors that may contribute to lower-intensity treatment patterns.

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Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses

07/26/25 at 03:00 AM

Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnessesBMC Geriatrics; Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi, Nina Siman, Allison M. Cuthel, Keith S. Goldfeld, Corita R. Grudzen; 7/25Approximately 75% of U.S. older adults with serious life limiting illnesses visit the emergency department (ED) in the last six months of life, with three quarters of these individuals being admitted to the hospital. In this context, Healthy Days at Home (HDaH) and prognosis have emerged as important concepts for assessing and guiding care among older adults with serious life-limiting illnesses. HDaH is a patient-centered outcome measure that captures the number of days individuals spend at home without hospitalizations or ED visits. Among US older adults with serious life-limiting illnesses, worse prognosis is associated with fewer HDaH. Increasing age is associated with fewer HDaH, with substantial variability by race/ethnicity. In contrast, cancer is associated with more HDaH.Assistant Editor's note: "Healthy Days at Home (HDaH)" is such a fabulous concept, and so in keeping with the intent and goals of palliative care. Perhaps a HDaH is a quality measure that palliative care providers might consider using. 

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[Korea] Earlier palliative cancer care cuts end-of-life ED visits

07/25/25 at 03:00 AM

[Korea] Earlier palliative cancer care cuts end-of-life ED visits Medscape; ed. by Gargi Mukherjee; 7/23/25 A recent retrospective study found that earlier outpatient palliative care referrals for patients with advanced cancer were associated with a small increase in overall emergency department (ED) visits but significantly fewer end-of-life ED visits and improved advance care planning. ... A substantial proportion of patients with advanced cancer visited the ED, including during the final month of life. Earlier palliative care referrals were associated with fewer end-of-life ED visits, “emphasizing the importance of timely integration of [palliative care] to reduce unnecessary interventions and ensure goal-concordant care,” the authors wrote. The researchers also noted that the findings underscore the need for structured advance care planning discussions across care settings to enhance the quality of end-of-life care.

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Complications of gastrostomy tube placement in patients with dementia: A national inpatient analysis

07/19/25 at 03:45 AM

Complications of gastrostomy tube placement in patients with dementia: A national inpatient analysisSurgical Endoscopy; Spencer R. Goble, Thomas M. Leventhal; 6/25Gastrostomy tubes have not been shown to improve long-term outcomes in patients with dementia, yet the risk of short-term complications have not been well characterized in this population. Conclusions: Gastrostomy tube placement complications do not appear to be increased in patients with dementia. However, those who undergo gastrostomy tube placement are less likely to discharge to home which has important quality of life implications.

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Exploring a collective grief experience in the U.S.: Qualitative findings from older parents whose only child has died

07/19/25 at 03:40 AM

Exploring a collective grief experience in the U.S.: Qualitative findings from older parents whose only child has diedOmega; Yongqiang Zheng, Leslie G Wuest, Jeongah Kim, Rebecca A Rodriguez; 6/25Despite its profound physical and mental health impacts, research on the loss of an only child in later life among older U.S. adults remains scarce. This phenomenological qualitative study explores the lived experiences and meanings older bereaved parents attribute to their loss. Inductive thematic analysis revealed 6 themes: the enduring intensity of grief, significant secondary losses, feelings of isolation and alienation, the role of social support in coping, and spirituality and religion's influence on their journey. By amplifying these parents' voices, the study lays a foundation for understanding their unique grief and underscores the gaps in U.S. policy and mental health services. These findings deepen insight into an understudied population, highlighting the need for enhanced resources for older bereaved parents.

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Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment in rural Virginia

07/19/25 at 03:35 AM

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment in rural VirginiaSage Open Aging; Pamela B Teaster, E Carlisle Shealy; 6/25Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) arose in 1991 to improve end-of life-care for patients with advanced, chronic, and progressive illnesses whose death is imminent within a year. POLST attempted to address problems inherent in advance directives (e.g., poor completion rates, confusing form language, dismal communication with a surrogate). POLST exists in all U.S. states, although each is unique and uptake is inconsistent, particularly in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate current practices and barriers around POLST in a rural area using an online survey and interviews with practitioners. Findings included the need for consistent funding, clarification of goals, and greater and varied opportunities for staff training.

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Effectiveness of an educational intervention in enhancing end-of-life care understanding and decision-making in African Americans

07/19/25 at 03:30 AM

Effectiveness of an educational intervention in enhancing end-of-life care understanding and decision-making in African AmericansPalliative & Supportive Care; Delicia Pruitt, Megan Reilly, Stephen Zyzanski, Neli Ragina; 7/25AA [African American] patients are more likely than other ethnic groups to choose life-sustaining measures at the end of their lives, leading to patients not receiving care to help them die peacefully. This decision is partly based on lack of knowledge of the available EOL [end of life] care options. An educational tool like the one developed in this study may be helpful and lessen the time of education so that physicians can answer questions at the end of the session and empower individuals and communities to take an active role in creating a culture of wellness at the EOL and decreasing morbidity.

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Parental authority and the weight of assent: Navigating moral dilemmas in adolescent end of life care

07/19/25 at 03:25 AM

Parental authority and the weight of assent: Navigating moral dilemmas in adolescent end of life careJournal of Bioethical Inquiry; A. L. Heifner, M. M. Ortiz, T. L. Major-Kincade, C. O’Connor; 6/25 In the current era of moral pluralism, medical decisions must account for much more than clinical considerations: they must abide by legal standards of decision-making which usually prioritize parental preferences. Conflict abounds between the parent or other legal decision-maker and healthcare team in situations where the parent prefers not to disclose the severity of the adolescent’s illness or the healthcare team believes continuing lifesaving therapies are not in the adolescent’s best interest. These dilemmas challenge how we solicit adolescents’ preferences (assent) and their options for refusal (dissent). We explore the moral distress healthcare workers face navigating conflict amongst various stakeholders involved in the adolescent’s end-of-life care. Strategies to minimize moral distress are also provided.

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Palliative video consultation and symptom distress among rural inpatients-A randomized clinical trial

07/19/25 at 03:20 AM

Palliative video consultation and symptom distress among rural inpatients-A randomized clinical trialCritical Care Medicine; Marie A. Bakitas, DNSc, RN; Shena Gazaway, PhD, RN; Felicia Underwood, MSW, MPS, LICSW-S; Christiana Ekelem, BS; Vantrice T. Heard, PhD; Richard Kennedy, MD, PhD; Andres Azuero, PhD; Rodney Tucker, MD, MMM; Susan McCammon, MD, PhD; Joshua M. Hauser, MD; Lucas McElwain, MD; Ronit Elk, PhD; 7/25The triple threat of rural geography, racial inequities, and older age has hindered access to high-quality palliative care for many people in the US. Only 70% of the deep South vs 85% to 94% of the rest of the US has palliative care despite the deep South having the greatest needs due to suboptimal health care access and elevated morbidity and mortality. In this RCT [randomized clinical trial] among Black or African American and White chronically ill hospitalized adults, culturally based specialist palliative care video consultation was not associated with statistically significant reduced symptom distress compared with usual care, but there was a clinically meaningful difference ... between groups. Contrary to our hypotheses, intervention participants’ QOL [quality of life] and resource use (secondary outcomes) also were not improved. Assistant Editor's note: This study reminds us that palliative care delivered virtually, as opposed to in-person, may not be of benefit to some individuals. It also reminds us that palliative care, at its best, is delivered on an ongoing basis by a known, trusted professional, as opposed to a one-time session with a consultant. 

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Quality indicators and patient outcome measures for palliative care in cancer patients: A systematic review

07/19/25 at 03:15 AM

Quality indicators and patient outcome measures for palliative care in cancer patients: A systematic reviewEcancermedicalscience; Chase Peng Yun Ng, Moira Hegyi, Grant Lewison, Tania Pastrana, Eve Namisango, James Cleary, Barbara Hasties, Eric Kabisa, Helena Musau, Kathryn Spangenberg, Paola Ruiz, Zipporah Ali, Mertixell Mallafre-Larrosa, Alfredo Polo, Julie Torode, Ajay Aggarwal, Richard Sullivan, Mevhibe Hocaoglu; 6/25With the exponential rise in global cancer incidence, the surge in demand for palliative care has outstripped capacity, limiting patients' access to quality and holistic palliative care, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is an overall lack of standardisation of QIs [quality indicators] and POMs [patient outcome measure], as well as variability in evidence of palliative care research. We recommend that stakeholders collaborate to develop a standardised repository of metrics for monitoring and evaluating palliative care services at both individual and system levels, with a particular focus on structural and process indicators. Incorporating validated, patient-centred measures and selecting key items as quality indicators will enable meaningful tracking of changes, guiding resource allocation and driving improvements in patient-centred care.

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Collective leadership in home-based palliative care: Advancing APRN roles to enhance success

07/19/25 at 03:10 AM

Collective leadership in home-based palliative care: Advancing APRN roles to enhance successHome Health Care Management & Practice; Nicole DePace, MS, APRN, GNP-BC, ACHPN; Rebecca Souza, DNP, ANP-BC, ACHPN; Therese Rochon, MA, MS, FNP-C; Paula Rego, DNP, AGPCNP-BC; Constance Dahlin, MSN, ANP-BC, ACHPN, FPCN, FAAN; 6/25Palliative advanced practice registered nurses are instrumental in responding to the opportunities and challenges in home-based palliative care through advocacy, practice, education, program development, and leading interprofessional teams. Collective leadership is proposed as a framework to address these tensions in home-based palliative care. Two cases are presented to compare and contrast collective and traditional leadership models, illustrate the role of the palliative advanced practice registered nurse leader, demonstrate how to avoid the pitfalls of a traditional leadership model, and build sustainable success through collective leadership principles. Finally, strategies to engage advanced practice registered nurses in leadership roles and address the tensions of the policy gaps in home-based palliative care are provided.

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[Canada] Electronic decision support for deprescribing in older adults living in long-term care-A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

07/19/25 at 03:05 AM

[Canada] Electronic decision support for deprescribing in older adults living in long-term care-A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trialJAMA Network Open; Emily G. McDonald, MD, MSc; Justine L. Estey, MSc; Cody Davenport, MSc; Émilie Bortolussi-Courval, RN; Jeffrey Gaudet, MSc; Pierre Philippe Wilson Registe, MSc, MPH; Todd C. Lee, MD, MPH; Carole Goodine, PharmD; 5/25Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) occurs when medications that carry a higher risk of harm than benefit are prescribed. It occurs more often among older adults in the setting of polypharmacy (taking multiple medications) and is costly and harmful. PIP and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) contribute to excess adverse drug events, such as falls, fractures, cognitive decline, hospitalization, and death [and] the problem is more pronounced for older adults living in nursing homes (long-term care [LTC] homes). Depending on the screening criteria used, in some studies, the prevalence ranges from 67.8% to 87.7% of nursing home residents. Electronically generated, individualized reports that contained prioritized opportunities for deprescribing in older adults were paired with preexisting quarterly medication reviews [and] this study found that electronic decision support paired with the usual workflow could render the deprescribing process scalable and effective.

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End-of-life symptoms in persons dying with advanced dementia in the community setting: Findings from IN-PEACE

07/19/25 at 03:05 AM

End-of-life symptoms in persons dying with advanced dementia in the community setting: Findings from IN-PEACEJournal of Pain and Symptom Management; by Kurt Kroenke, Sujuan Gao, Susan E. Hickman, Alexia M. Torke, Nina M. Johnson, Amy Pemberton, Andrea Vrobel, Minmin Pan, Laura R. Holtz, Greg A. Sachs; 8/25This article characterizes symptom burden in persons with advanced dementia dying in the community who were enrolled in a 2-year trial of home-based palliative care. Symptoms did not generally worsen from enrollment to time of death and symptom severity was similar to persons with dementia dying in a nursing home.

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Utilization of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections in end-of-life patients

07/19/25 at 03:00 AM

Utilization of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections in end-of-life patientsAmerican Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine; by Abigail Thomas, Lacey Davis, Allie Dolan, Rebecca Prewett; 8/25The use of antibiotics for end-of-life patients is controversial; currently there is limited guidance on the use of antibiotics in hospice patients... The purpose of this project is to examine the utilization of antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in hospice patients... The prescribing of antibiotics in end-of-life patients is not always appropriate regardless of the PPS. This may indicate that antibiotics are initiated in asymptomatic hospice patients, and the utilization of unnecessary medications presents the risk of adverse effects.

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[Norway] iLIVE volunteer study: Volunteer and healthcare professional perceptions of newly developed hospital end-of-life-care volunteer services, in five countries

07/19/25 at 03:00 AM

[Norway] iLIVE volunteer study: Volunteer and healthcare professional perceptions of newly developed hospital end-of-life-care volunteer services, in five countriesPalliative Medicine; Tamsin McGlinchey, Stephen Mason, Grethe Skorpen Iversen, Dagny Faksvåg Haugen, Inmaculada Ruiz Torreras, Pilar Barnestein Fonseca, Miša Bakan, Berivan Yildiz, Ruthmarijke Smeding, Anne Goossensen, Agnes van der Heide, John Ellershaw; 5/25Volunteer services that provide direct support to patients receiving palliative and end-of-life care in hospitals are new and developing, but little is known about the use and experience of such services from key stakeholders. 20 Volunteers and 20 healthcare professionals were recruited. Three overall themes were generated: (1) Volunteers provided 'unique, distinct, 'community' support' bringing familiarity to an unfamiliar, medically focussed environment. (2) Volunteers were able to 'establish a connection centred on 'being there' within the acute hospital environment' despite the fast paced and highly changeable environment. (3) Through 'relational interactions adapted to the individual person' volunteers attended to patients' existential and emotional needs. These services confer benefits that are transferrable across cultures and countries, 'fusing' formal care with the informal visiting of family or friends, attending to patients' existential needs.

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Video palliative care improves symptoms but not outcomes in rural hospitals, study reveals

07/17/25 at 03:00 AM

Video palliative care improves symptoms but not outcomes in rural hospitals, study reveals McKnights Long-Term Care News; by Donna Shryer; 7/15/25 Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham recently studied whether video consultations could improve palliative care for patients age 55 and older in small hospitals lacking specialized end-of-life services. Participants had an average age of 73. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that culturally tailored video consultations — designed with community input to reflect patients’ cultural values and communication preferences — led to a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant reduction in symptom distress. ... [The] video consultations had little effect on hospital readmissions or emergency department visits. The research addressed a critical healthcare gap, as the study notes that only 70% of the Deep South has access to palliative care services, compared to 85-94% in other US regions. This disparity particularly affects rural communities where specialized end-of-life care is often unavailable. 

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CDC reports rise in unintentional fall deaths among older adults

07/15/25 at 03:00 AM

CDC reports rise in unintentional fall deaths among older adults JAMA; by Samantha Anderer; 7/11/25 The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that deaths from unintentional falls among adults aged 65 years or older increased over the past 2 decades. Falls are currently the leading cause of injury for older adults, reaching 70 per 100 000 in 2023. As age increases, so does the likelihood of death due to a fall. And data from the National Vital Statistics System indicate that from 2003 to 2023, adults aged 85 years or older experienced the greatest increase in fall deaths. Rates for men, who are more likely to die from an unintentional fall, doubled from 178 to 373 per 100 000 people among those 85 years or older. For women in the same age group, deaths from falls increased 2.5 times, from 129 to 320 per 100 000. 

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Palliative care education in pediatric cardiology fellowships: A survey of program directors

07/12/25 at 03:40 AM

Palliative care education in pediatric cardiology fellowships: A survey of program directorsPediatric Cardiology; Lesje DeRose, Sarah Godfrey, Shabnam Peyvandi, Nicole M. Cresalia, Jill M. Steiner, Emily Morell; 6/25 Our survey demonstrated a wide range of PC [palliative care] educational practices among categorical pediatric cardiology fellowship programs. While most programs provided some form of PC education to their fellows, the amount and modality varied widely between programs, from very minimal PC exposure to required core PC rotations. Almost half of the participating PDs [program directors] reported dissatisfaction with the current amount of PC education in their fellowship programs. Programs such as VitalTalk (www.vitaltalk.org) and other (both in-person or virtual) modules have been utilized in other training environments with improvement in trainee comfort in PC topics, including CardioTalk for adult cardiology trainees. Didactic-based curricula in PC topics, such as mental health and ethics, have also been shown to help providers gain confidence in PC domains.

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Mapping the final journey: End-of-life frailty trajectories and cause of death

07/12/25 at 03:35 AM

Mapping the final journey: End-of-life frailty trajectories and cause of deathJournal of the American Geriatrics Society; Jianhong Xu, Jonathan Ka-Long Mak, Qian-Li Xue, Chenkai Wu; 6/25Frailty trajectories at the end of life varied by cause of death, with neurodegenerative disease decedents exhibiting more severe frailty. Among 37,465 decedents, 2,895 (7.7%) died from neurodegenerative diseases [and] three distinct frailty trajectories were identified among these decedents: rapidly progressive frailty (6.9%), moderate progression of frailty (21.1%), and advanced and stable frailty (72.0%). These patterns differed significantly from those observed in decedents with other causes of death, who exhibited persistently low frailty (24.7%), intermediate and progressive frailty (46.5%), and advanced and progressive frailty (28.8%). Compared to cancer decedents, individuals with neurodegenerative diseases had higher baseline frailty and a dominant trajectory of advanced and stable frailty. Older age, lower education, and greater chronic disease burden were associated with the advanced and progressive frailty trajectory.

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Health economic analysis of an all-virtual, at-home acute care model

07/12/25 at 03:30 AM

Health economic analysis of an all-virtual, at-home acute care modelJAMA Network Open; Brad Spellberg, MD; Christopher Lynch, MD; Hal F. Yee, MD, PhD; Josh Banerjee, MD; 6/25Hospital-at-home care models send staff, durable medical equipment (DME), and therapeutics (eg, intravenous infusions) to patients’ homes to provide care. In the US, Medicare requires in-person evaluations at least twice daily to receive payment for hospital-at-home services. In the UK National Health Service, virtual wards at home are increasingly being used in lieu of inpatient care. This economic evaluation of ... patients receiving all-virtual, at-home acute care ... found that the virtual program was cost-saving (due to avoided variable hospital costs) only for unfunded patients or patients with Medicaid, but was cost-losing for Medicare and commercially insured patients due to substantial lost inpatient revenue. These findings suggest that current payer rates for inpatient care financially disincentivize development and implementation of novel acute, at-home care models, but a simple reimbursement schema could enable net savings to both hospitals and payers.

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Facilitating advance care planning conversations among patients with cancer and their care partners utilizing a conversation game: A pilot study

07/12/25 at 03:25 AM

Facilitating advance care planning conversations among patients with cancer and their care partners utilizing a conversation game: A pilot studyCancer Reports; Kylee Kimbel, Michael Hayes, Morgan Bucher, William A Calo, Tullika Garg, Monika Joshi, Hannah Kuntz, Terrence E Murphy, Erika VanDyke, Emily Wasserman, Lauren J Van Scoy; 6/25Current guidelines [for patients with cancer] recommend early, frequent advance care planning (ACP) conversations among clinicians, patients, and care partners (CPs) and advance directive (AD) completion. However, only 55% of patients with cancer have completed such directives, suggesting the need for interventions to increase rates of ACP. The Hello game has been shown to be effective in promoting ACP in several populations but has not been tested in patients with cancer or their CP. Three themes emerged from both patient and CP focus groups ...: (1) Participants enjoyed the group dynamics and relating to peers when playing Hello; (2) Hello serves as a helpful conversation starter; (3) modifications could help tailor Hello for use in cancer context-particularly adding more questions about quality of life and mental health. Hello was well-received by dyads, and their feedback was used to tailor Hello for patients with cancer and their CPs.

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Impact of spirituality in Christians with serious illness - A phenomenological study

07/12/25 at 03:20 AM

Impact of spirituality in Christians with serious illness - A phenomenological studyAmerican Journal of Hospice and Pallaitive Care; Judy Lentz; 6/25Seeking support within the faith community is frequently noted in Christians with serious illness. Research interviews captured four major structures with accompanying constituent parts [including] ... sovereignty of God with unpredictability, relationship with God especially through prayer, illness-related loss with accompanying guilt for the subsequent burden created for the caregivers, and gratitude for the love and support shown to the participant by loved ones and others. The impact of the structures and constituent parts of spirituality identified by the Christians who participated in this study demonstrates the value and significance of the faith-based spiritual support received during their illness.

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