Literature Review

The role and professional standards of the Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practitioner in hospice and palliative careJournal of Hospice & Palliative Care Nursing, by Coats, Heather PhD, APRN-BC; Henrichs, Kelly DNP, RN, GNP-BC; 3/24The adult/gerontology (gero) nurse practitioner (NP) delivers primary and/or specialty palliative care to persons and their families who live each day with a myriad of serious illnesses. In this role, the adult/gero NP uses their skill set to address the whole person (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual/existential) to improve the quality of life for persons they care for. This article is the fourth in a series of 6 highlighting the different roles of the adult/gero NP and the advanced certified hospice and palliative registered nurse, and how these 2 roles overlap. The purpose of this article was to provide details of education and certification pathways for these NP roles, describe the overlaps in clinical care, and illustrate how the adult/gero NP in palliative and hospice care can contribute to leadership in program development for care of persons and their families who live with serious illness.

Transitions between skilled home health and hospice for persons living with dementia: a systematic review of literatureAnnals of Palliative Medicine, by Sharon E. Bigger, Robin Ann Foreman, Christiana Keinath, Gail L. Towsley; 3/24We found that persons living with dementia are at higher risk for early, unsuccessful discharge from-and readmission to-skilled skilled home health; and persons living with dementia are at higher risk for being discharged alive from hospice.

Psychedelic therapy: A primer for primary care clinicians - psilocybinAmerican Journal of Therapeutics, by Burton J Tabaac, Kenneth Shinozuka, Alejandro Arenas, Bryce D Beutler, Kirsten Cherian, Viviana D Evans, Chelsey Fasano, Owen S Muir; 3/24.Aside from ketamine, psilocybin is the most clinically well-researched psychedelic drug, with trials that have enrolled hundreds of participants and multiple therapeutic applications. Phase III trials will determine whether psilocybin lives up to the promise that it showed in previous clinical trials.

State of the service: Pediatric palliative and hospice community-based service coverage in the United StatesJournal of Palliative Medicine, by Meaghann S. Weaver, MD, PhD, MPH, HEC-C; Tej Chana; Deb Fisher, PPCNP; Hope Fost; Betsy Hawley, MA; Kristin James, LCPC; Lisa C. Lindley, PhD, RN, FPCN, FAAN; Kaeli Samson, MA, MPH; Steven M. Smith, MD; Alix Ware, JD, MPH; and Christy Torkildson, PhD, RN, PHN; 11/23.Objective: To quantify and describe the inclusion of children in services, staffing, and care scope offered by community-based hospice organizations in the United States. Design and Subjects: This study utilized an online survey distributed to organizational members of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) in the United States. Results: A total of 481 hospice organizations from 50 states, Washington DC, and Puerto Rico responded. Conclusions: Children remain underrepresented in the extension of care offered through community-based hospice organizations in the United States particularly in nonmetro settings.

Ethics Consult: Using hospice as "treatment" for behavioral problems of dementiaAmerican Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, by Luisa Skoble MD, Jonathan Crane MPhil, PhD; 4/24This session will present 2 cases of individuals with advanced dementia who did not meet the traditional Medicare criteria for hospice, as both were ambulatory and did not have significant co-morbid medical issues. Both had significant aggressive behaviors that responded poorly to extensive trials of various medications during extended stays on a geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit. Both were referred to a local inpatient hospice where the staff use “suffering" as a hospice criteria and were “treated” with the usual hospice medications and expired in less than 3 weeks.

Correcting health disparities at end-of-life in persons of colorJournal for Nurse Practitioners, by Leah D. Ward, Anthony Young; 4/24Forty years after the creation of the Medicare hospice benefit, low use of hospice and palliative care services in persons of color increases suffering and aggressive care at the end of life related to social determinants of death... This article provides tools for nurse practitioners and other health care personnel in spiritual, cultural, and goals-of-care assessments, quality improvement, and an explanation of the benefits of faith-based programs and partnerships

Social acceptability of psilocybin-assisted therapy for existential distress at the end of life: A population-based surveyPalliative Medicine, by Louis Plourde, Sue-Ling Chang, Houman Farzin, Pierre Gagnon, Johanne Hébert, Robert Foxman, Pierre Deschamps, François Provost, Marianne Masse-Grenier, Jean-François Stephan, Katherine Cheung, Yann Joly, Jean-Sébastien Fallu, Michel Dorval for the P3A Study Group; 2/24Internationally, there is a growing interest in the potential benefits of psilocybin-assisted therapy to treat existential distress at the end of life. However, the social acceptability of this therapy is not yet well known. The social acceptability of psilocybin-assisted therapy for existential distress at the end of life is rather high in Canada. These findings may contribute to efforts to mobilise resources and improve access to this emerging therapy in palliative and end of life care settings.

Social model hospice: Providing hospice and palliative care for a homeless population in Salt Lake City, UtahJournal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, by Jensen, Francine Bench, PhD, RN; Thorpe, Deborah PhD, APRN; 4/24Health care for the homeless population is a complex challenge and represents a significant gap in care, particularly for those at the end of life. Hospice care may be desired but is rarely an option for people without residences, social support, and payment sources. Social model hospice is a unique paradigm of care delivery that offers a viable solution to make hospice and palliative care possible for this population.

The PACT Project: Feasibility of a multidisciplinary, multi-faceted intervention to promote goals of care conversationsAmerican Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, by Eytan Szmuilowicz, MD; Rebecca K. Clepp, MA, MEd, MHA; Jayson Neagle, MD; Adeboye Ogunseitan, MD; Martha Twaddle, MD; Gordon J. Wood, MD, MSCI; 4/24Patients living with serious illness generally want their physicians to facilitate Goals of Care conversations (GoCc), yet physicians may lack time and skills to engage in these conversations in the outpatient setting... A multifaceted quality improvement intervention focused on serious illness communication skills can support a diverse clinical workforce to facilitate inpatient GoCc over time.

Nonprofit behavior altered by monetary donations: evidence from the U.S. hospice industryThe European Journal of Health Economics; by Miao Guo; Lei Guo; Yang Li; 2/24This study investigates whether reliance on monetary donations alters nonprofit firms’ behaviors. Specifically, in the hospice industry, a shorter patients’ length of stay (LOS) speeds up overall patient turnover, allowing a hospice to serve more patients and expand its donation network.Publisher's note: Correlation does not imply causation...

‘My life is a mess but I cope’: An analysis of the language children and young people use to describe their own life-limiting or life-threatening conditionPalliative Medicine, by Katherine Bristowe; Debbie Braybrook; Hannah M Scott; Lucy Coombes; Daney Harðardóttir; Anna Roach; Clare Ellis-Smith; Myra Bluebond-Langner; Lorna Fraser; Julia Downing; Fliss Murtagh; Richard Harding; 3/24Children and young people can provide rich descriptions of their condition. Paying attention to their lexical choices, and converging one's language towards theirs, may enable more child-centred discussions. Expanding discussions about 'what matters most' with consideration of the losses and differences they have experienced may facilitate a fuller assessment of their concerns, preferences and priorities.

Trends in end-of-life care and satisfaction among Veterans undergoing surgeryAnnals of Surgery; by Dualeh, Shukri H.A. MD; Anderson, Maia S. MD MS; Abrahamse, Paul MA; Kamdar, Neil MA; Evans, Emily MS; Suwanabol, Pasithorn A. MD; 2/24To examine trends in end-of-life care services and satisfaction among Veterans undergoing any inpatient surgery.

Public health and palliative careClinics in Geriatric Medicine, by Sarah H. Cross PhD, MSW, MPH; Dio Kavalieratos PhD; 8/23Meeting the needs of people at the end of life (EOL) is a public health (PH) concern, yet a PH approach has not been widely applied to EOL care. The design of hospice in the United States, with its focus on cost containment, has resulted in disparities in EOL care use and quality. Individuals with non-cancer diagnoses, minoritized individuals, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and those who do not yet qualify for hospice are particularly disadvantaged by the existing hospice policy. New models of palliative care (both hospice and non-hospice) are needed to equitably address the burden of suffering from a serious illness.