Literature Review

Design work to prevent burnout: A new model for improving work design supports change that increases employee engagement and reduces stress MIT Sloan Management Review; by Sharon K. Parker and Carline Knight; 12/10/24... In the U.S., 67% of workers report feeling disengaged from their work, and 49% intend to leave their current job. ... In this article, we’ll introduce readers to our SMART Work Design model. This model captures and synthesizes the most important characteristics for worker well-being and performance from both the Jobs Characteristics and Job Demands-Resources models into five dimensions: stimulating work, mastery, autonomy, relational work, and tolerable demands (thus the SMART acronym). HR leaders, managers, and employees can use the model to identify aspects of work that lead to disengagement and burnout and then create a healthier work environment and improve performance. (See “A Model for Making Work Smarter.”)

[CAPC] 2024 Serious Illness ScorecardCenter to Advance Palliative Care press release; 12/4/24America’s readiness to meet the needs of people with serious illness. A state-by-state look at palliative care capacity. How does your state rate? How can I improve my state’s rating? Download the full report.

Washington Paid Family and Medical Leave & Job Protection - Final Legislative Report University of Washington, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy & Governance; Lead investigator Heather D. Hill, MPP, PhD, with Tom Lindman, MPP, Diane Rucavado, MPA, and Elizabeth Ford, JD; 12/1/24 This research was funded by ESSB 5187. Additional support for data access and analyses for this research came from the UW Data Collaborative funded by the UW Population Health Initiative, UW’s Student Technology Fee program, the UW’s Provost’s office, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development research infrastructure grant, P2C HD042828 to the Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology at the University of Washington. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors.

[Canada] Feasibility of prospective error reporting in home palliative care: A mixed methods studyPalliative Medicine; Allison M Kurahashi, Grace Kim, Natalie Parry, Vivian Hung, Bhadra Lokuge, Russell Goldman, Mark Bernstein; 10/24 Palliative care patients may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing errors due to the complex communication among interdisciplinary team members (including the patient and their caregivers), the use of high-risk medications such as opioids and benzodiazepines, polypharmacy, patient frailty, and patient cognitive decline. Care in patients’ homes presents additional challenges to patient care that are unique from hospital settings: Decreased communication about roles and responsibilities in care can result from involvement of multiple care teams and different electronic records. The collaborative nature of care in a home-based palliative care context may present unique challenges to translating error reporting to improved patient safety. Physicians are amenable to error reporting activities so long as data is used to improve patient safety.

[UK] Multiple points of system failure underpin continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents in palliative care: A mixed methods analysisPalliative Medicine; Amy Brown, Sarah Yardley, Ben Bowers, Sally-Anne Francis, Lucy Bemand-Qureshi, Stuart Hellard, Antony Chuter, Andrew Carson-Stevens; 10/24 About 25% of palliative medication incidents involve continuous subcutaneous infusions. Complex structural and human factor issues make these risk-prone interventions. Primary incidents (most proximal to patient outcomes) leading to inappropriate medication use (including not using medication when it was needed) were underpinned by breakdowns in three major medication processes: monitoring and supply ... administration ... and prescribing ... Recurring contributory factors included discontinuity of care within and between settings, inadequate time, inadequate staffing and unfamiliarity with protocols. Psychological harms for patients and families were identified. System infrastructure is needed to enable timely supply of medication and equipment, effective coordinated use of continuous subcutaneous infusions, communication and continuity of care.

In 2023, the majority of home health aides and personal care aides were women U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics - TED: The Economics Daily; 11/13/24 In honor of National Home Care and Hospice Month, we are highlighting data about two of the most common occupations that provide care to people with illnesses or disabilities in a home or community-based setting—home health aides and personal care aides. In 2023, women accounted for 87 percent of all home health aides and 80 percent of personal care aides. Workers in these two occupations assist people with activities of daily living (such as feeding or bathing), though home health aides generally focus more on their patients’ health and safety, while personal care aides often assist with other tasks (such as errands and housekeeping). Across all occupations, 47 percent of workers were women. Home health aides and personal care aides were more likely to be Black or African American (30 percent and 25 percent, respectively) than were workers overall (13 percent). Forty-two percent of home health aides and 27 percent of personal care aides were foreign born, higher than the average of 19 percent for workers overall. ... [Click on the title's link to continue reading.]

National program helped 27 states develop background check processes for long-term care McKnights Senior Living; by Kimberly Bonvissuto; 11/11/24 A national background check program was so successful in helping states develop or enhance systems for conducting background checks of prospective long-term care employees that more than a quarter million prospective employees were disqualified from working in the sector, even after funding for the program ran out, according to a final report on the program. The US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General released a final analysis on Thursday of the National Background Check Program for long-term care providers. The agency reported that 29 states participated in the program between 2010 and 2024 and that the program helped 27 of them develop programs to identify efficient, effective and economical procedures for conducting background checks on prospective long-term care employees. During the National Background Check Program, states disqualified at least 106,000 individuals with criminal convictions from employment. Disqualifying criminal convictions included offenses of murder, assault, battery, robbery, theft, fraud and forgery. 

Nurse burnout the root of decreased resident safety, medication errors, study shows McKnights Long-Term Care News; by Zahara Johnson; 11/6/24 A new study has found a direct link between nurse burnout and unfavorable patient and facility outcomes, including medication errors and a degraded safety culture. The meta-analysis of 85 studies and 288,581 nurses, compiling more than 30 years of research, concluded that nurses who suffer from burnout – emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a low sense of personal accomplishment – have a negative impact on patients.

Why Judy Faulkner believes in 'yin-yang' leadership Becker's Health IT; by Giles Bruce; 11/4/24 Epic founder and CEO Judy Faulkner says effective leadership teams typically consist of people who balance each other out. She pointed to the definition of "yin and yang" as "complementary and at the same time opposing forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts and the parts are important for cohesion of the whole," she wrote in a Nov. 4 blog post. Ms. Faulkner has often noticed that two people in leadership roles have great success together because they're so different.

Future-proofing healthcare: Upskilling the workforce to meet tomorrow’s challenges Healthcare Business Today; by Chris Trout; 11/4/24 A surgical technician recently told me, “We’re constantly helping people.” This simple yet powerful sentiment captures the essence of what healthcare workers ... focus on every day. However, the healthcare industry is undergoing profound changes that will shape its future over the next decade and beyond. These changes, driven by workforce shortages, AI and technological advancements, and shifting skill demands, have the potential to either enhance or burden healthcare systems. ... One of the most significant forces driving change is the shortage of healthcare workers, especially in critical areas like nursing. ...  The replacement cost for a nurse is estimated to be between $40,000 and $60,000, covering recruitment, temporary staffing and lost productivity. But these numbers don’t account for the consequences of staffing shortages: diminished patient care, declining morale and increasing mental health challenges among overworked staff. Despite these challenges, healthcare organizations have a remarkable opportunity to develop talent, especially in entry-level and middle-skill roles. [Click on the title's link to continue reading.]

15 things to know about Gen Z workers Becker's Hospital Review; by Kristin Kuchno; 10/29/24 Each new generation entering the workforce tends to puzzle management, and members of Generation Z are no exception. Here are 15 things healthcare leaders should know about Gen Z:

Less activity, more sitting linked with higher death risks: study McKnights Long-Term Care News; by Kristen Fischer; 10/28/24 Low physical activity is associated with a higher risk of dying from all causes as well as from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and kidney disease. In addition, the combination of reduced activity and longer sitting time every day is linked with a higher risk of death from any cause, a new study finds. Staying active and reducing sitting time may lower the risks, authors of the report wrote. The report was published Oct. 26 in BMC Geriatrics.Editor's note: Calling all leaders who have desk-bound employees, and who sit too long (yourselves) ... What creative ways do you encourage healthy work habits, movement, and more? Do you provide ergonomic sit/stand desks? Healthy chairs? More? Read this and remember that as we will age, today's habits impact tomorrow's health.