Literature Review

Understanding a patient’s AI medical journey The Hastings Center; by Ian Stevens, Erin William, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pion, and Vardit Ravitsky; 3/5/25As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into U.S. health care, patients should know the ways in which AI is being used in their care, concludes a new paper, “Bring a ‘Patient’s Medical AI Journey’ to the Hill.” Transparency is crucial for interactions between health care providers and individual patients, as well as for systemic level uses of AI, including:

Social Media Toolkit for Social Work Month 2025 NASW National Association of Social Workers; by NASW; for March 2025 Celebrate Social Work Month 2025! People enter the social work profession because they genuinely care about other people. However, social workers have the education, training, and expertise to empower people so they can live to their full potential. That is why this year’s theme is Social Work: Compassion + Action. Here are our suggestions to help you share information about the positive work social workers do during Social Work Month 2025 and beyond.

Can default palliative care referrals increase consults? Medscape; edited by Gargi Mukherjee; 3/4/25 A default palliative care referral intervention increased palliative care consultations by more than fivefold and decreased end-of-life systemic therapy by more than half among patients with advanced cancer being treated in the community oncology setting. ...

Challenges to video visits for patients with non–English language preference-A qualitative studyJAMA Network Open; Marianna Kong, MD; Francine Rios-Fetchko, BA; Madelyn Olmos-Rodriguez, BA; Linda Branagan, PhD; Bradley Iott, MPH, MS, PhD; Therese Chan Tack, DO, MPH; Carol Yarbrough, MBA; Kevin Grumbach, MD; Alicia Fernandez, MD; 2/25Telemedicine, or synchronous video or audio-only visits, has made clinical encounters more convenient and accessible for many patients. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, video and telephone visits comprised a small minority of primary care visits, but by April 2020, approximately one-half of US physicians were treating patients virtually and nonurgent telemedicine video visits increased by more than 600%. In this qualitative study, participants with NELP [non-English language preference] perceived multiple barriers to video visits, including greater communication difficulties, lower medical evaluation quality, and technical issues. These findings suggest that addressable technical challenges associated with language barriers hamper access to video visits and decrease motivation for use and that interventions are needed to increase telehealth equity. 

Armed 60-year-old man arrested, accused of shooting at hospice nurse in Orange County ABC News 12, Vidor, TX; by Scott Eslinger; 2/28/25 A 60-year-old Vidor man was arrested after a hospice nurse accused of him of shooting at her outside a patient's home. Gordon Billy Ward, 60, of Vidor, was arrested on Thursday by Orange County [California] deputies and booked into the Orange County jail. He is currently being held there on a charge of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, according to jail records. [Click here for the related California post.]

The Alliance commends introduction of legislation to extend hospice telehealth flexibilities  National Alliance for Care at Home, Alexandria, VA and Washington, DC; Press Release; 2/28/25 The National Alliance for Care at Home (the Alliance) is pleased to support the reintroduction of the Hospice Recertification Flexibility Act in the House of Representatives. This bipartisan legislation, H.R.1720, would extend telehealth flexibilities for hospice face-to-face (F2F) recertification. The F2F encounter is performed by a physician or nurse practitioner to evaluate the patient and collect clinical information used in determining continued eligibility for hospice. Introduced by Representatives Carol Miller (R-WV) and Jared Golden (D-ME), the bill would extend the F2F recertification flexibility for providers until December 31, 2027. Beginning January 1, 2026, the legislation also includes important guardrails to ensure appropriate use and requires the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to create a modifier to collect data on when the F2F encounter is conducted via telehealth. The Alliance, then through its legacy organizations, worked with lawmakers to ensure continued care transformation and access to care for high-quality providers. [Click on the title's link to continue reading.]

Contemporary patterns of end-of-life care among Medicare beneficiaries with advanced cancer JAMA Network - JAMA Health Forum; by Youngmin Kwon, PhD; Xin Hu, PhD, MPSH; Kewei Sylvia Shi, MPH; Jingxuan Zhao, MPH, PhD; Changchuan Jiang, MD, MPH; Qinjin Fan, MS, PhD; Xuesong Han, PhD; Zhiyuan Zheng, PhD; Joan L. Warren, PhD; K. Robin Yabroff, PhD, MBA; 2/21/25Conclusions: In a contemporary cohort of older Medicare decedents originally diagnosed with advanced breast, prostate, pancreatic, or lung cancer, we found that many patients continue to receive potentially aggressive interventions at EOL at the expense of supportive care services. To make meaningful improvements in the quality of EOL care, a multifaceted approach that addresses patient, physician, and system-level factors associated with persistent patterns of potentially aggressive care will be required. Editor's note: Though published just one week ago--February 21--this journal article is already being used extensively, as demonstrated in our posts on 2/24 and 2/25.

Palliative care advocates at the World Health Organization executive board meeting ehospice; by Stephen Connor, Executive Director, Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance (WHPCA); 2/19/25 The World Health Organization (WHO) is in turmoil with the planned withdrawal of funding and membership from the USA. About 20% of the WHO budget is from the US and withdrawal of all USAID funding is causing serious problems worldwide. Many member states are increasing their dues to WHO to help offset this loss, but these are difficult times for public health. These issues were front and center at the meeting of the WHO Executive Board 3-11 February. .. The Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance (WHPCA) and the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC) are the two organizations presently in official relations with WHO and we work together to cover the many health issues. Editor's note: For current information from USAID, visit www.usaid.gov. 

What do the ashes symbolize in life, death, and cultural rituals? Brain Wise Mind - Symbolism; by Jodie Lawrence; 1/26/25In this article, you’ll explore the rich symbolism behind ashes, from themes of loss and renewal to connections with the cycle of life. By understanding these meanings, you can gain a deeper appreciation for how ashes play a role in various rituals and practices. Get ready to uncover the significance that lies within these seemingly simple remnants. ... Ashes symbolize a range of profound concepts, particularly in relation to life and death. You can find their meanings in various cultures and traditions, reflecting significant themes.

[UK] Coming to terms with dying: Advance care planning as a conduit between clinicians, patients, and conversations about death and dying - A qualitative interview studyPalliative Medicine; Rowena Jane Eason, Lisa Jane Brighton, Jonathan Koffman, Katherine Bristowe; 2/25Advance care planning elicits multiple complex thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, with responses ranging from the procedural to the profound. Discussions empowered and instilled confidence, promoted openness with relatives, encouraged people to make the most of their time remaining, and sometimes contributed to coming to terms with their mortality. Factors influencing experiences of discussions reflected the complexity and diversity in participants' lives, personalities, and life experiences, with discussions exposing the realities of living with terminal illness. 

The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don't have any. ~Alice Walker

Tracking US health care spending by health condition and countyJAMA; Joseph L. Dieleman, PhD; Meera Beauchamp, BS; Sawyer W. Crosby, BA; Drew DeJarnatt, MS; Emily K. Johnson, MSc; Haley Lescinsky, MPH; Theresa McHugh, PhD; Ian Pollock, MLS; Maitreyi Sahu, MPH; Vivianne Swart, MPH; Kayla V. Taylor, MPH; Azalea Thomson, MPH; Golsum Tsakalos, MS; Maxwell Weil, MS; Lauren B. Wilner, MPH; Anthony L. Bui, MD, MPH; Herbert C. Duber, MD, MPH; Annie Haakenstad, ScD, MA; Bulat Idrisov, MD, MSc; Ali Mokdad, PhD; Mohsen Naghavi, MD, MPH, PhD; Gregory Roth, MD, MPH; John W. Scott, MD, MPH; Tara Templin, PhD, MS; Christopher J. L. Murray, DPhil, MD; 2/25Health care spending in the US totaled $3.8 trillion in 2019 and is projected to reach more than $7 trillion by 2031. Within the US, spending varies dramatically across states, although many key drivers of health care spending, such as access to care, service prices, disease and injury prevalence, and underlying need for health care, vary at more local levels. Broad variation in health care spending was observed across US counties. Understanding this variation by health condition, sex, age, type of care, and payer is valuable for identifying outliers, highlighting inequalities, and assessing health care gaps.

Knowledge of and preferences for medical aid in dyingJAMA Network Open; Elissa Kozlov, PhD; Elizabeth A. Luth, PhD; Sam Nemeth, BA; Todd D. Becker, PhD, LMSW; Paul R. Duberstein, PhD; 2/25In the US, approximately 74 million people (22%) live in a jurisdiction that allows medical aid in dying (MAID), a legal practice that allows terminally ill patients to obtain a prescription for medication to end their life. In this online survey study of 3,227 US adults, 51.3% did not know if MAID was legal in the US, and 50.8% did not know if MAID was legal in their state. In the full sample, 44.0% expressed interest in using MAID if terminally ill. This study suggests that there is substantial interest across all demographic groups in using MAID, but significant knowledge gaps exist about its legality, which may be associated with observed racial and ethnic and educational differences in MAID’s use. These findings highlight the need for public education, policy initiatives, and patient-clinician discussions to ensure equitable access to patient-centered end-of-life options and informed decision-making.