Literature Review

New study uncovers significant variations in life expectancy across U.S. states Bioengineer.org - Health; by Bioengineer; 5/7/25 "A Century of Unequal Longevity: How Geography and Policy Sculpt Life Expectancy in the United States"In an extensive new investigation led by the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), researchers have unveiled profound disparities in life expectancy trends throughout the United States over the last hundred years. This groundbreaking study reveals how the interplay between public health policies, social environments, and regional factors critically shapes the longevity of populations across states and the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C. ... The findings are striking: while states in the Northeast and West Coast, alongside the District of Columbia, achieved remarkable gains in life expectancy over the twentieth century, several Southern states remained largely stagnant. Specifically, females born in some parts of the South experienced life expectancy increases of less than three years between 1900 and 2000.

To the brink and back: How near-death experiences can change how people work The Conversation; by Adauri.AI; 5/5/25 What happens when someone comes close to death and then returns to everyday life, including work? For some, the experience can be transformative. ... Although near-death experiences (NDEs) have been studied since the 1970s, we know relatively little about how they affect people after the event. Research suggests people who have near-death experiences may feel increased empathy, spiritual growth, a sense of purpose and even change how they approach their jobs. Our recent study explored how near-death experiences impact people’s return to work. We interviewed 14 working adults who had a near-death experience as a result of medical crises such as a heart attack or accidents such as a car crash. What we found challenges conventional ideas about success, motivation and workplace culture.

University of Minnesota uses VR to study Alzheimer's, death Government Technology (GT) - Center for Digital Education; by Richard Chin; 5/2/25 At the University of Minnesota, medical school students have been using a virtual reality experience to understand the perspective of a woman dealing with the advanced stages of Alzheimer’s. ... When the University of Minnesota offered to let me experience what it’s like to die, naturally I said yes. Aren’t we all morbidly curious about the undiscovered country, as Hamlet put it, from which no traveler returns? Except this time, happily, I would get to return because it would be a virtual death, an experience in a VR studio that’s part of the university’s Health Sciences Library system. The dying experience is part of a series of VR simulations developed by a nine-year-old California-based company called Embodied Labs. They’ve created immersive, first-person experiences of what it’s like to have dementia, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson disease, vision or hearing loss, to be socially isolated or to experience aging as a LGBTQ person. And what it’s like to die.

Research study participation: NIH MAiD study recruitmentPersonal communication; by Stacy Fischer, Dan Matlock; 4/22/25We are Dr. Stacy Fischer and Dr. Dan Matlock, physicians at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and co-principal investigators on a National Institutes of Health-funded study to understand the experiences of patients seriously considering medical aid in dying and their caregivers. Our multidisciplinary team includes geriatricians, bioethicists, and both quantitative and qualitative experts... Our goal is to recruit 300 patients and caregivers nationwide, and we would deeply appreciate your continued support in helping us connect with individuals who are seriously considering MAiD and their caregivers (e.g., those who have scheduled or completed their first MAiD consultation).

Assisted dying and the slippery slope argument—no empirical evidence

Research study participation: Practice Analysis StudyHMDCB email; 4/24/25The Hospice Medical Director Certification Board (HMDCB) is conducting a Practice Analysis Survey and we are seeking your help to gather physician feedback. If you haven't already, we encourage you to share this email with your hospice physicians/medical director and encourage them to participate.

HHS cuts funding for NIH-based Women's Health Initiative threatening decades-long study The American Journal of Managed Care (AJMC); by Giuliana Grossi; 4/23/25 HHS is defunding the regional research centers that have been conducting a long-term national health study focusing on preventive strategies for women's health since 1991, the largest study investigating women’s health in US history. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) regional centers will close by September 2025, at the end of the fiscal year, according to an announcement from the NIH-based initiative. Investigators at the WHI were informed by HHS earlier this week, although formal written notice from HHS is still pending.  

HMN 2025: What are the obstacles to opiod accessibility for severely ailing sufferers Health Medicine Network; by The Mount Sinai Hospital; 4/22/25 In a research published in NEJM Catalyst, researchers on the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai describe how measures to curb opioid overdoses within the normal inhabitants have compromised a crucial cornerstone of palliative care. ...  “The opioid disaster of overdose deaths stays omnipresent; nonetheless, a brand new menace has emerged amongst susceptible populations who want these medicines as first-line remedy for his or her ache, which will be extreme,” says lead writer Rebecca Rodin, MD, Assistant Professor of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn Mount School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, who makes a speciality of palliative drugs. “We hope our findings will lay the muse for deeper dialog to revive stability between opioid extra and entry.”

Belief in an afterlife is increasing in the United States: Even among the non-religious The Association of Religion Data Archives (The ARDA); by Ryan Burge; 4/17/25 This post has been unlocked through a generous grant from the Lilly Endowment for the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). The graphs you see here use data that is publicly available for download and analysis through link(s) provided in the text below. ... I wanted to dig a bit deeper on the variations in those belief metrics today, with a question that I haven’t really probed a whole lot. The General Social Survey, which is available on the Association of Religion Data Archives website, contains a really straightforward question, “Do you believe there is a life after death?” And it has an even simpler set of response options - yes or no. It’s been asked with regularity since 1973, so we have nearly five decades of data on this one specific question. ... Even today, the share of Americans who believe in life after death is 82%. When people ask me, “Is the United States a religious country?” This is the stat that I’m going to trot out.

Palliative care and advanced cardiovascular disease in adults: Not just end-of-life care: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association AHAIASA Journals - American Heart Association; by Lucinda J. Graven, PhD, APRN, FAHA, Lisa Kitko, PhD, RN, FAHA, Martha Abshire Saylor, PhD, MSN, BA, RN, Larry Allen, MD, MHS, FAHA, Angela Durante, PhD, RN, Lorraine S. Evangelista, PhD, RN, CNS, WAN, FAHA, Amy Fiedler, MD, James Kirkpatrick, MD, Lakeisha Mixon, MSW, and Rachel Wells, PhD, MSN, BA on behalf of the American Heart Association Complex Cardiovascular Nursing Care Science Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; 4/17/25  ... This scientific statement (1) discusses the application of effective communication, shared decision-making, age-friendly care, and advance care planning in advanced cardiovascular disease palliative care; (2) provides a summary of recent evidence related to palliative care and symptom management, quality of life, spiritual and psychological support, and bereavement support in individuals with advanced cardiovascular disease and their care partners; (3) discusses issues involving diversity, equity, and inclusion in cardiovascular disease palliative care; (4) highlights the ethical and legal concerns surrounding palliative care and implanted cardiac devices; and (5) provides strategies for palliative care engagement in adults with advanced cardiovascular disease for the care team.

Lonely planet: How the world is fighting social isolation Medscape Medical News; by Deborah Brauser; 3/25/25 Loneliness/social isolation isn’t just a transient emotion or situation, it’s turned into a global crisis with serious public health consequences. In 2023, then–US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, sounded the alarm, declaring loneliness an epidemic and citing seminal research equating its harmful effects to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. The numbers tell a stark story: Recent research has linked chronic loneliness to depression, dementia, and even early death.Editor's note: Pair this with our recent post, Risk factors for and health status of socially isolated adults.

Stroke deaths and their racial disparities increased over last 20 years EurekAlert! - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); by Peer Review Publication; 4/9/25 Over the last two decades, ischemic stroke mortality rates in the U.S. have grown, with almost 3 in 10 deaths occurring at home, and increases particularly among racial minorities and rural residents. These growing disparities were among the findings of a new study publishing April 9, 2025, in the open-access journal PLOS One by Jason Lim of Georgetown University School of Medicine, U.S., and colleagues. ...  The analysis included 237,617 recorded ischemic stroke deaths. The study found that age-adjusted ischemic stroke mortality rates, after years of decline, have increased across all urbanization levels since 2009, with the most pronounced rises in non-metropolitan areas. Additionally, there has been a noticeable shift in the place of death, with more people dying at home instead of in hospitals or other medical facilities. From 1999 to 2020, the percentage of at-home deaths increased from 8.44% to 29.31%.Editor's note: Pair this research with ongoing shut-downs of rural hospitals, rural emergency room access, and more. This ongoing increase is one of many, ongoing alarms. Ethics. Integrity. Mission. It's past time to improve patient care.

Strong social connections improve older adults’ well-being regardless of setting, study finds McKnights Long-Term Care News; by Donna Shryer; 4/7/25 Social connections, trust in others in their community and community cohesion significantly improve elderly well-being whether seniors live at home or in nursing facilities, according to a new comparative study published in BMC Public Health. However, researchers found that nursing home residents generally reported lower subjective well-being compared to their community-dwelling counterparts, even after accounting for health status and demographic factors. ... According to the authors, these findings “indicate the necessity for tailored interventions that address the unique needs of each care environment to promote healthier aging experiences. [Continue reading ...]