Literature Review

Which values should guide evidence-based practice?AMA Journal of Ethics; by Amber R. Comer; 1/25Prior to the emergence and availability of evidence-based reviews, physicians and patients made decisions based on anecdotal data, opinion, experience, judgment, conjecture, and conventional wisdom. In 1982, the first textbook describing the methodology of translating biomedical science into clinical practice, Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials, set the stage for what would eventually become what we now call evidence-based medicine (EBM). EBM incorporates the best available scientific evidence when making decisions about an individual patient’s care. In the years since the adoption of EBM, it has become not only the clinical standard of care, but also an ethical expectation.

What the experiences of young persons can teach us about medical aid in dying for psychiatric illnessJAMA Psychiatry; Brent Kious, MD, PhD; 1/25Medical aid in dying (MAID) is becoming ever more available. While it is most often used by persons with terminal illnesses, it is also becoming more accessible to those with a primary psychiatric illness. Some countries, including the Netherlands, have long allowed MAID for persons experiencing unbearable and irremediable suffering due to a mental illness. In Canada, Quebec’s Superior Court ruled in 2019 that restricting MAID to persons with a “reasonable foreseeable natural death” violates key sections of the Canadian Charter, implying that MAID must be made available to persons with nonterminal conditions, including psychiatric illness. Meanwhile, while only persons with terminal illness can access MAID in those parts of the US that have legalized it, some physicians have argued that certain psychiatric illnesses, especially anorexia nervosa, can be terminal, opening the door to MAID for persons with a primary psychiatric illness. 

Physician engagement in addressing health-related social needs and burnoutJAMA Network Open; Masami Tabata-Kelly, MBA, MA; Xiaochu Hu, PhD; Michael J. Dill, MA; Philip M. Alberti, PhD; Karen Bullock, PhD, LICSW, APHSW-C; William Crown, PhD; Malika Fair, MD, MPH; Peter May, PhD; Pilar Ortega, MD; Jennifer Perloff, PhD; 12/24In this cross-sectional study of 5,447 nationally representative physicians in the US, 34.3% regularly dedicated time to addressing HRSNs [health-related social needs]. The study identified variability in physicians’ engagement in addressing HRSNs and found that higher engagement was associated with a greater likelihood of burnout. The findings suggest the need for thorough assessment of the potential unintended consequences of physicians’ engagement in addressing HRSNs on their well-being.

[Korea] A prospective, single-cohort, open, multi-center, observational study of sublingual fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain: Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in Korean cancer patientsCancer Research and treatment; Youn Seon Choi, Su-Jin Koh, Woo Kyun Bae, Se Hyung Kim, Seong Hoon Shin, So Yeon Oh, Sang Byung Bae, Yaewon Yang, Eun-Kee Song, Yoon Young Cho, Pyung Bok Lee, Ho-Suk Oh, MinYoung Lee, Jin Seok Ahn; 12/24Fentanyl, a highly lipophilic opioid, was developed as a sublingual fentanyl tablet (SFT) for the management of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), and its efficacy and safety were confirmed in a randomized, controlled study. In a real-world setting, SFT provides rapid and effective analgesia in BTcP, even at the lowest dose (100 μg), and the safety profile was acceptable.

Provider perspectives on implementation of adult community-based palliative care: A scoping reviewMedical Care Research and Review; Nicole Dussault, Dorian Ho, Haripriya Dukkipati, Judith B. Vick, Lesley A. Skalla, Jessica Ma, Christopher A. Jones, Brystana G. Kaufman; 1/25While community-based palliative care (CBPC) programs have been expanding, there remain important obstacles to widespread use. Since provider perspectives on CBPC remain underexplored, we conducted a scoping review to summarize provider perspectives regarding barriers and facilitators to implementation of adult CBPC in the United States. At the provider level, barriers included misperceptions of palliative care (PC) by referring providers and poor communication, while facilitators included multidisciplinary teams and referring provider education. At the organizational level, time constraints were barriers, while leadership buy-in and co-located clinics were facilitators. At the external environment level, limited PC workforce and inadequate reimbursement were barriers. Our findings suggest that efforts aimed at scaling CBPC must address factors at the provider, organizational, and policy levels.

Cybersecurity in 2025: Agentic AI to change enterprise security and business operations in year ahead SC Media; by Stephen Weigand; 1/9/25 In 2025, significant advancements in agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems will drive new AI-based cyber defensives, driving new solutions to help organizations carry out specific goals, making decisions, and taking mitigation action with minimal human intervention. However, as these agentic AI systems become integral to business operations, they will also expose organizations to new risks. Nicole Carignan, VP of strategic cyber AI at Darktrace, highlights that multi-agent AI systems, while offering unparalleled efficiency for complex tasks, will introduce vulnerabilities such as data breaches, prompt injections and data privacy risks.

The most-read Health Affairs Forefront articles of 2024 Health Affairs; by Health Affairs; 1/8/25... [We] offer a look back at the most-read Health Affairs Forefront articles of 2024. Each year’s list has its own character. This year’s list is heavy on work by authors at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services—in particular, articles from our Forefront Featured Topic “Accountable Care For Population Health,” which claimed the first three spots on the “top ten” roster.

Catholic Hospice executive director retires after 40 years in healthcare management Archdiocese of Miami; by Priscilla Greear; 1/8/25 Dian Backoff retired in December 2024 as executive director of Catholic Hospice, having more than doubled the daily patient census in six years and extended its mission of compassionate end-of-life medical care across the boundaries of the Archdiocese of Miami. Her career spanned 40 years, from nurse to vice president and hospice pioneer—never forgetting the impact of daily nursing care to a woman with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS disease. ... Backoff, 65, likes to remind staff to remember their “why” to help patients experience a peaceful death. Additionally, “their families can experience what we call a good death and not have complicated grief afterwards and not be so distraught that they’re not healthy mentally,” she said.

Meals on Wheels volunteers deliver extra food ahead of winter storm Fox 4 KDFW, Dallas, TX; by Alex Boyer; 1/8/25 Volunteers are doing their best to help some of North Texas’ most vulnerable people prepare for the winter storm. ... Meals on Wheels in Dallas County is a service provided by the Visiting Nurses Association. Currently, the organization serves about 5,200 homebound seniors and disabled adults throughout the county each weekday. That’s in addition to those in hospice care.

December ransomware attacks slam healthcare, public services Informa; by Arielle Waldman; 1/9/25 As 2024 wrapped up, ransomware continued to be a prevalent threat for victim organizations in the education, transportation and healthcare sectors. ... Attacks knocked services offline for weeks or months, interrupted students' education and led one victim organization to give in to ransom demand pressures. Like many of the major ransomware attacks throughout 2024, December continued to prove how enduring the threat is. One highly disruptive attack last month occurred against PIH Health in Whittier, Calif., Dec. 1. The attack affected healthcare appointments and services at PIH Health Downey Hospital, PIH Health Good Samaritan Hospital and PIH Health Whittier Hospital, as well as urgent care centers, doctors' offices and PIH Health's home health and hospice agency.

Muslim American Heritage Month Celebration U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC; Denis McDonough; 1/8/25 Dr. Salaam, thank you for your service in the Air Force, and for your service in communities around the country as an Imam and civil rights leader in the years since. Your words, principles, and perspectives are as inspiring as they are important ... [Describing VA Chaplain Omer Yigiter:] He became a VA chaplain at the Northport VA Medical Center, the only Muslim chaplain serving all of VISN-2 and one of only four Muslim VA chaplains across the country. ... We must learn and re-tell stories like those shared today—to ensure the experiences of Muslim American Veterans are acknowledged and honored. Truthful storytelling is also about authentic representation, about ensuring all Veteran voices and perspectives are heard and welcomed. So to our Muslim Veterans and colleagues, your unique perspectives make VA stronger. 

California wildfires and healthcare: Compiled articlesCompiled from various news sources; 1/9/25

Kirva Hospice CEO: Quality begins with staff education, engagement Hospice News; by Jim Parker; 1/7/25 Long-time hospice CEO Cheryl Hamilton Fried has taken the helm at Kirva Hospice, a new, standalone nonprofit established by the public service organizations Jewish Family Services and Beth Shalom. Kirva serves the Richmond, Virginia, region with plans to expand into contiguous markets. ... About 16% of their patients are of the Jewish faith.Q: What are your top priorities as you take the helm at Kirva? Developing culture, that’s always been big for me. I’ve done that everywhere I’ve gone. A: Developing people, so I’ve already tapped a couple of managers to elevate to directors, as we are growing our census pretty rapidly and really identifying areas that are unmet in the community. That’s what Kirva and Jewish Family Services want to do, is look at where the gaps are in senior care.